A Study of Esfandyar`s Defense Mechanisms in His Battle whit Rustam

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Zolfaghar Allamimehmandoosti 1
Nasim Davooipanah 2
1 Professor of Persian language and literature, Al-Zahra University (corresponding author)
2 PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabatabaei University
http://doi.org/10.22034/heroic.2025.3.4.03
Abstract
Human psyche employs certain tools in order to reduce tension and defend itself; this equipment is called defense mechanism. These mechanisms work subconsciously; therefore, they prevent the individuals from knowing themselves. Investigating the defense mechanisms in addition to getting to the truth about internal demands provides one with the opportunity to recognize the reasons behind certain regular behaviors. Esfandiar is one of the two main characters in the battle facing Rustam, one of the main heroes of the Shahnameh and the hero of “the pure religion”. Ferdowsi has provided the opportunity to analyze different layers of this hero’s character by recounting details and direct speech report attributed to him. In the current study, it has been attempted to use Freud’s psychoanalytic theories regarding defense mechanisms so as to reveal the truth about his deeds, behaviors, and conducts. These revelations will result in showing how Esfandiar uses these defense mechanisms in order to resolve his internal and external conflicts.  

Keywords

Journal of Heroic Literature
Volume 3, Issue 1 - Serial Number 4
Vol. 3, No. 1, Issue: 4, Spring & Summer 2025
July 2025
Pages 37-56