Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has been considered a national epic and a treasure of Iranian identity. An identity whose guardians were able to continue it in the Islamic era by preserving oral traditions and ancient traditions and transferring this reserve to a time when the conditions for its poetic retelling were available. Although the peasants play an effective role in preserving and retelling these traditions, Ferdowsi's ability to compose a national epic and create an eternal work preserved Iran's ancient writing in the most beautiful way. In examining this epic work, we are faced with the question whether only Ferdowsi's rich taste and pure beauty and his sense of nationalism led to the creation of the Shahnameh, or whether the conditions of the poet's era also contributed to the emergence of this work. Has it been effective? In this article, by explaining the political, social, religious, literary and cultural conditions of Ferdowsi's era and its influence on the writing of the Shahnameh, he emphasizes the finding that the emergence of the Shahnameh was subject to the conditions of Ferdowsi's time.