Journal of Heroic Literature

Journal of Heroic Literature

The Dual Role of Nature in the Myth of Zal and the Epic of Hiawatha by Wadsworth Longfellow

Document Type : Original Article

Author
PhD of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University, Tehran Branch, Iran
10.22034/heroic.2026.3.5.10
Abstract
Nature, since the dawn of human culture, is not only the cradle of myth and the inspiration for the creation of epic heroes, but also a force that, in a dual manner, both shapes their identity, virtues, and destiny, and acts as a challenging and threatening test. The present study, relying on this multifaceted connection, examines the relationship between the hero and nature in two works, Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh" (Zal) and Henry Longfellow's "The Song of Hiawatha," using an analytical-comparative approach. This research aims to analyze the heroes' connection with natural elements and the reflection of nature's simultaneously supportive and perilous forces, and then, based on cultural and mythological comparison, to explore the commonalities and differences in this relationship. The findings indicate that although in both myths, nature is a source of life, transcendence, and wisdom, in Longfellow's narrative, Hiawatha's final journey is a conscious return to the embrace of nature and an acceptance of the cycle of life, while in Ferdowsi's narrative, Zal's immortality is depicted by remaining within the myth and an unbreakable bond with nature. The results suggest that in both the myths of Zal and Hiawatha, nature is a dual force that can be both a threat and a cause of destruction, and a ground for the hero's spiritual growth and transcendence. This duality reflects each society's cultural perspective on the natural world, and in both narratives, a deep and respectful connection with nature is considered a prerequisite for achieving perfection and immortality.
Keywords
Subjects

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